Table of Contents

DNA G-Quadruplex Is a Transcriptional Control Device That Regulates Memory

  1. Timothy W. Bredy1
  1. 1Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
  2. 2Genome Sciences and Cancer Division & Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
  3. 3Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Division of Neurobiology (NEURO), Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
  4. 4Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Department Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
  5. 5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
  1. Author contributions: P.R.M., E.L.Z., and T.W.B. designed research; P.R.M., J.D., Q.Z., W.-S.L., Y.L., D.B., A.P., E.L.Z., L.J.L., S.U.M., M.M., M.K., A.M.B., H.G., H.R., and A.W. performed research; P.R.M., J.D., Q.Z., W.-S.L., D.B., and A.W. analyzed data; W.-S.L., M.K., L.K., W.S.J., A.C., and R.C.S. contributed unpublished reagents/analytic tools; T.W.B. wrote the paper.

Abstract

The conformational state of DNA fine-tunes the transcriptional rate and abundance of RNA. Here, we report that G-quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA) accumulates in neurons, in an experience-dependent manner, and that this is required for the transient silencing and activation of genes that are critically involved in learning and memory in male C57/BL6 mice. In addition, site-specific resolution of G4-DNA by dCas9-mediated deposition of the helicase DHX36 impairs fear extinction memory. Dynamic DNA structure states therefore represent a key molecular mechanism underlying memory consolidation.

One-Sentence Summary: G4-DNA is a molecular switch that enables the temporal regulation of the gene expression underlying the formation of fear extinction memory.

  • Received January 17, 2023.
  • Revision received February 14, 2024.
  • Accepted February 20, 2024.