Entrained and free-running behavior of SG, BG, and XLG transgenics
| Genotype | No. of experiments (n) | Morning phase (hr ± SEM) | Evening phase (hr ± SEM) | Rhythmic/ tested (%) | Tau ± SEM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| per01SG10/Y;ry506 | 2 (13) | ||||
| wSG10/Y | 2 (24) | +0.90 ± 0.1 | −1.80 ± 0.05 | 19 /23 (82.6) | 22.3 ± 0.1 |
| per01/Y;SG3;ry506 | 3 (43) | ||||
| +/Y;SG3;ry506 | 3 (40) | +0.35 ± 0.1 | −2.00 ± 0.1 | 23 /31 (74.2) | 23.8 ± 0.1 |
| per01/Y;BG/TM2ry506 | 2 (34) | ||||
| +/Y;BG/TM2ry506 | 2 (38) | +0.75 ± 0.05 | −1.05 ± 0.05 | 29 /37 (76.3) | 23.7 ± 0.1 |
| per01/Y;BG6;ry506 | 2 (26) | ||||
| +/Y;BG6;ry506 | 2 (29) | +0.25 ± 0.1 | −0.80 ± 0.1 | 29 /29 (100) | 23.3 ± 0.1 |
| per01w sn/Y;XLG-A | 3 (42) | −0.40 ± 0.1 | −2.25 ± 0.15 | 10 /41 (24.4) | 24.6 ± 1.5* |
| Df(1)w/Y;XLG-A | 3 (47) | +0.35 ± 0.1 | −0.80 ± 0.1 | 42 /46 (91.3) | 23.3 ± 0.1 |
| per01w sn/Y;XLG-B | 3 (38) | −0.50 ± 0.1 | −2.75 ± 0.15 | 7 /35 (20.0) | 21.9 ± 1.1* |
| Df(1)w/Y;XLG-B | 3 (46) | +0.20 ± 0.1 | −0.95 ± 0.1 | 43 /45 (95.6) | 22.9 ± 0.1 |
| w/Y | 2 (13) | +0.05 ± 0.3 | −0.70 ± 0.1 | 13 /13 (100) | 23.6 ± 0.1 |
| Df(1)w/Y | 5 (47) | +0.10 ± 0.15 | −0.20 ± 0.10 | 45 /47 (95.7) | 23.6 ± 0.1 |
| +/Y;ry506 | 6 (46) | +0.60 ± 0.1 | 0.00 ± 0.1 | 45 /45 (100) | 24.1 ± 0.1 |
| Wild-type male (Canton S) | 1 (9) | −1.05 ± 0.2 | −0.50 ± 0.1 | 9 /9 (100) | 23.8 ± 0.1 |
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LD and DD behavior for the different transgenic types and controls. The latter carried a per+ allele of the period locus, as well as marker mutations contained in the genetic backgrounds of the various transgenic types (see Materials and Methods). The two per01 controls contained ry506 or w sn3as marker mutations. All males tested from both strains (n = 53 for per01ry506and n = 30 for per01w sn3 were arrhythmic when tested under DD conditions. The second column shows the number of independent experiments that were done with the different transgenics during a time span of 18 months.n indicates the number of animals tested that entrained to the 12:12 hr LD cycle; these individual records were therefore used in the phase analysis. Note that not all animals entrained to this LD cycle; only between 65% (per01SG10/Y) and 97% (per01w sn/Y) of all the per01 genotypes were rhythmic in LD. Overall, 86% of the flies among the 8per01 genotypes were rhythmic (i.e., had entrained). In contrast, 99% of allper+-expressing males tested were rhythmic in these LD conditions. The morning and evening phase values were calculated from locomotor behavior recorded in the LD portion of the experiment using the Phase program (see Materials and Methods). Values (in hours) are given relative to lights-on (ZT0) for the morning phase and to lights off (XT12) for the evening phase. The last two columns tabulate the data collected in DD. The numbers of rhythmic individuals compared with the total tested (and the percentages), as determined by periodogram analysis (see Materials and Methods). From those analytical plots, “power” values are obtainable, as are the numbers of 0.5 hr time bins crossing the “significance line” (cf. Ewer et al., 1992) (see also Fig. 13). Only flies showing periods in combination with a power of ≥20 and a time-bin width of ≥2 were considered rhythmic. To determine whether the phase advances and period shortenings, observed in all transgenic strains in a per+ background, were significant, nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests were performed, comparing each P-element strain and its relevant control. In all cases, the observed differences were significant (p < 0.05).
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↵* Although the average periods of theper01 XLG-A or XLG-B flies were within the circadian range, the individual periods of the rhythmic flies were distributed over a broad range (between 18.5 and 27.5 hr for XLG-A and between 18 and 28 hours for XLG-B).
