Left, Midsagittal view of the human brain that illustrates the VOIs defined in the present study, namely the dorsomedial part of the superior frontal cortex (orange) and the anterior and mid-cingulate cortex (dark blue) (for details, see Materials and Methods). Right, Plot of Talairach coordinates (in millimeters) of medial activations described in previous working memory studies in the medial superior frontal cortex (white filled circles) and in the cingulate cortex (blue filled circles) (for details, see Table 3). The background areas represent the boundaries of the medial motor areas according to Picard and Strick (1996), namely the supplementary motor area (SMA), the cingulate motor area (CMA), the pre-SMA (Pre-SMA), the caudal anterior cingulate (Caudal-AC), and the rostral anterior cingulate (Rostral-AC). It should be noted that this short review of the literature was not intended to survey exhaustively all studies that may have involved working memory.AC-PC, Bicommissural plane; VAC andVPC, vertical planes passing through the anterior and posterior commissures, respectively.