PTZ-induced seizures in transgenic animals. Dose–response to PTZ in GalKO (A) and GalOE (B). C, Bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of galanin (0.5 nmol/side) to GalKO attenuated seizures induced by PTZ (40 mg/kg) (GalKO + GAL), whereas similar administration of M35 (0.5 nmol/side) to WT controls increased seizures (WT + M35). D, GalOE responded with more severe PTZ-induced seizures (50 mg/kg) when injected bilaterally intracerebroventricularly with M35 (0.5 nmol/side; GalOE + M35). For each group,n = 6. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 versus respective WT (Mann–WhitneyU test for seizure score and Student's ttest for seizure latency).