Reduced viability and cell size of T40-AV-infected astrocytes. Astrocyte number and cell area after T40-AV infection were analyzed on the basis of image analysis of phase-contrast images using ImageQuant. Significant changes in astrocyte survival were not observed until 16 hr after T40-AV infection, but reductions in the area of astrocytes were seen as early as 4 hr after infection. Error bars represent SE. ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01.