Saturated Fatty Acids Produce an Inflammatory Response Predominantly through the Activation of TLR4 Signaling in Hypothalamus: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Obesity

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Figure 2.
Figure 2.

A, Immunoprecipitation/immunoblot (IP/IB) analysis of the associations of TLR2 and TLR4 with MyD88 in hypothalamic protein extracts obtained from rats treated intracerebroventricularly with diluent (DL), 3.0 ng LPS (LPS3), or 300 ng LPS (LPS300) for 3 d. B, Immunoblot (IB) analysis of expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in hypothalamic protein extracts obtained from rats treated intracerebroventricularly with diluent (DL), oleic acid (C18:1), VM (as presented in Materials and Methods), or SM (as presented in Materials and Methods). C, Real-time PCR determination of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression in hypothalamic samples obtained from rats treated intracerebroventricularly with diluent (DL), oleic acid (C18:1), VM or SM. D, Immunoblot analysis of expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in hypothalamic protein extracts obtained from rats treated intracerebroventricularly with diluent (DL), palmytic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), arachidic acid (C20:0), and behenic acid (C22:0). In all experiments, n = 5; in B and D, results are presented as arbitrary scanning units (ASU) ±SEM, *p < 0.05 versus respective control; in C, results are presented as transcript amount, and different letters refer to significant differences between groups, p < 0.05.

  1. The Journal of Neuroscience vol. 29 no. 2 359-370
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