Pooled-trial (A) and single-trial (B) phase precession. Each dot represents a spike at a certain relative position in the place field (x-axis, normalized position with range from 0 to 1) at a certain theta phase in degrees (y-axis, full range of 360°; unlabeled tick at 180°). The top row shows five example cells with phase precession pooled over up to 20 trials. The gray lines are linear fits, and the inset numbers give corresponding correlation coefficients. The four bottom rows depict robust phase precession in sample single trials from the respective cells.