Initiation of neuroinflammation is independent of β amyloid and tau phosphorylation in p25 transgenic mice. A–C, Representative confocal images of the cortex from 1, 4, 8 and 12 week induced p25Tg and control mice (age matched for 12 week time point). The brain sections were immunostained with (A) phospho-tau (AT8) and Aβ 1-42, (B) anti-Cd11b and anti-tPA, and (C) CD4 and CD8 (red) antibodies. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). White arrows indicate the region that is enlarged in high-magnification insets. Scale bars: (main panel), 20 μm; (insets), 10 μm. Images are representative of n = 3 mice.