Network model structure and simulation protocol. A, Model scheme. The network is composed of spiking excitatory pyramidal cells (Exc) and inhibitory interneurons (Inh). Pyramidal cells are uniformly placed on a ring, labeled by their preferred directions (shown by arrows). The connections between pyramidal cells are structured as a Gaussian function of the difference in the preferred directions (top), and the connections onto and from the interneurons are uniform. B, Simulation protocol. A cue array is presented to the network from 0.25 s to 0.5 s, followed by a delay period up to 9 s. C, D, Sample cue arrays of 6 uniformly and randomly distributed directions, respectively.