NM adaptation reduces IPD sensitivity in NL. A, Generation of inputs to NL. Unadapted or adapted NM output was sampled and converted to EPSCs. “Monaural” inputs representing the output of 40 NM cells (generated using 10 spike trains from each of 4 NM neurons) were summed with different IPDs and injected into NL neurons. B, Results with inputs generated from real NM spike trains (as shown in A). Top, Firing rate versus IPD for unadapted (black diamonds) and adapted (gray triangles) input. Data were normalized to the firing rate with unadapted input at 0° IPD. Bottom, Percentage change in dynamic range and slope of the firing rate–IPD relationships. C, Results with simulated input spike trains with adaptation of firing rate and jitter. D, Results with simulated rate adaptation only. E, Results with simulated jitter adaptation only.