Comparison of data with predictions of a model that implements gain control in visual coordinates and incorporates a downstream bias that favors horizontal over vertical eye velocity. Each symbol shows results for one oblique direction of target motion, and the three graphs show results for the three monkeys. Filled and open symbols show the angles of major axes fitted to the actual data and to the predictions of the retinal model that provided the best fit to the data. Positive values on the y-axis indicate deviation toward horizontal, and deviations of 45° would mean that the best-fitting ellipse had a horizontal major axis.