Response to GABA differs with estradiol, time of day, and kisspeptin neuronal population. A, OCVm recording methodology. Top, Voltage protocol. Arrow indicates timing of local GABA application. B, Leak-subtracted OCVm traces during baseline (black) and GABA (blue) illustrate representative depolarizing responses in arcuate nucleus (ARC) and hyperpolarizing responses in AVPV kisspeptin neurons. C, Plot of membrane potential monitored by simultaneous whole-cell current-clamp (WC CC) and OCVm recordings of the same cell. Colors represent the absolute value of the difference between the WC CC value and the OCVm value (scale inset). D, Mean ± SEM membrane potential during baseline and GABA application for each experimental group. Dotted line indicates E_GABA measured in Figure 1. *p < 0.05, OVX versus OVX+E. N: arcuate OVX AM 14/12, OVX+E AM 10/7, OVX PM 7/6, OVX+E PM 10/9; AVPV OVX AM 9/7, OVX+E AM 8/6, OVX PM 10/7, OVX+E PM 9/5. E, Mean ± SEM change (Δ) in membrane potential for each group. Dashed line indicates zero change in response to GABA.