Maternal DHA supplementation reverses morphological deficits in neurons and in BDNF expression caused by n-3 PUFA deprivation. Representative tectal neurons in Stage 45 tadpoles from frogs fed the (A) adequate and (B) deficient diet for 60 weeks and then switched to a fish oil-contained n-3 PUFA-adequate diet for 20 weeks. Sample neurons were from two different tadpoles, each obtained from oocytes from two different frogs in each group (A, B). C, Total branch numbers, (D) total dendrite arbor length, and (E) dendritic arbor complexity index (DCI) were measured. N = 19 neurons for the adequate group (Ade), and n = 13 neurons for the deficient group (Def) in tadpoles from 5 frogs per group. Relative expression levels of (F) pro-BDNF and mature-BDNF, and of (G) total BDNF mRNA, measured in brains of Stage 45 tadpoles from frogs at week 80 (n = 4 or 5). Data are mean ± SEM.