Disruption of the AIS increased β1 integrin expression in axons. A, Adenovirus-mediated delivery of AnkG shRNA resulted in silencing of AnkG in cortical neurons 72 h after infection. B–D, At 72 h after transduction, integrin β1 level is increased in axon (C) compared with GFP control (B) by 3.917 ± 0.369 units (p < 0.001, group difference by Tukey post hoc; D). E, LatA results in disruption of actin filaments (phalloidin staining) and results in a small but significant increase in β1 integrin level in the axons (F–H; p = 0.002). Note that the experimental proceddures of LatA treatment and AnkG knock down were very different, the measurements are not to be compared between experiments. Scale bars, A-C, 25 μm. E–G, 50 μm.