A, Correlation difference matrices of networks active during exposure to male odor with the no odor condition subtracted out. PN23 animals were exposed to male odor after having been raised with the mother alone (male control) or raised in the presence of a male (male familiar). Black outline highlights the amygdala-hippocampal network module. B1, Mean network correlations in response to each odor sorted by network module. As shown in Experiment 1, male odor induced stronger functional connectivity in the PFC–amygdala/hippocampal network module than maternal odor. However, being raised with a male (male/familiar) resulted in functional connectivity in this module no longer being significantly different from maternal odor in control rats. B2, In the PFC–olfactory cortex module, again, male odor induced relatively higher functional connectivity than maternal odor, although previous developmental experience with males significantly enhanced connectivity relative to all other conditions. B3, Learning to modify behavioral responses to odors during the postnatal period (male familiar and maternal suppressed) enhanced functional connectivity in the amygdala–hippocampal module relative to controls. Histogram bars marked with the same letter are not significantly different from each other based on post hoc comparisons (p < 0.05). Core olfactory areas are shown in purple and red, amygdala areas in blue, hippocampus subareas in black, and orbitofrontal and PCX areas in green. ACC, Anterior cingulate cortex; IL, infralimbic cortex; PL, prelimbic cortex.