Experience-dependent oscillations in V1 emerge with experience to static visual stimuli. A, z score of firing rate for all visually excited units from mice trained to a static 200 ms visual stimulus (SF = 0.03 cpd) before training (blue) and after training (cyan). Oscillatory activity was observed after training despite the stimulus remaining stationary. Line plots represent a population z score (baseline normalized) for each condition. CDF of oscillation duration: two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, blue versus cyan: D₍₁₃₆₎ = 0.80, p = 4.36E-20. Inset, Mean oscillation duration, Welch's unequal variances t test, t₍₁₃₆₎ = 9.46, p = 1.29E-14 (units after peak detection): N = 80 (blue), N = 58 (cyan), across 2 mice. B, Extending the duration (to 800 ms) of the static stimulus also extended the duration of the oscillations, despite the fact that the stimulus was not moving or changing in any way during the duration of presentation. Before the animals were trained (to 200 ms stimuli), only persistent firing was observed during stimulus presentation. CDF of oscillation duration: two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, pretraining (blue) versus post-training (cyan): D₍₁₀₈₎ = 0.47, p = 6.24E-6. Inset, Mean oscillation duration, Welch's unequal variances t test, t₍₁₀₈₎ = 4.56, p = 1.99E-5 (units after peak detection): N = 65 (blue), N = 45 (cyan), across 2 mice. Error bars indicate SEM. ***p < 0.001.