Abnormal levels of AMPK and NR4A1 in human AD brains. A, Representative image of AMPK protein and NR4A1 nucleo-cytoplasmic isoforms in human cortex. See extended data Figure 9-1. B, Pearson correlation (p = 0.0003) between AMPK and pan-NR4A1 levels in human PFCs from AD (N = 24) and CTR (N = 17). Data are Western blot optical densities normalized to GAPDH. C, Upregulation of AMPK protein levels in human PFCs (mean ± SEM of N = 24 AD subjects and N = 17 control subjects (CTRs) normalized to GAPDH levels; unpaired t test, *p = 0.035). D, Downregulation of NR4A1 cytoplasmic isoform in human PFCs (mean ± SEM of N = 24 AD subjects and N = 17 CTRs normalized to GAPDH levels; unpaired t test, *p = 0.024). E, Upregulation of NR4A1 total isoforms in human PFCs (mean ± SEM of N = 24 AD subjects and N = 17 CTRs normalized to GAPDH levels; unpaired t test, *p = 0.0258). F, Pearson correlations between MMSE scores and levels of AMPK (p = 0.011), cyto-NR4A1 (*p = 0.041), pan-NR4A1 (op = 0.019), or synaptic markers PSD-95 (§p = 0.013), Drebrin (p = 0.003), and P190A (#p = 0.049). Data are normalized to CTRs (mean ± SEM of N = 17 subjects with a score of 30–25, N = 12 subjects with a score of 18–10, and N = 12 subjects with a score of 9–0). For details, see extended data Figure 9-1.