Different filter parameters generate different ocular dominance patterns. a, Ocular dominance patterns generated by systematically changing two parameters of the ASF: the X-surround/Y-surround ratio and the surround/center ratio. ASFs with a X-surround/Y-surround ratio of 1 generate beaded patterns that resemble the ocular dominance patterns of cats. ASFs with surround/center ratios >1 generate ocular dominance stripes resembling ocular dominance patterns of macaques and humans. Increasing the surround/center ratio or the X-surround/Y-surround ratio makes the ocular dominance stripes and beads wider and longer (i.e., more frequently connected with each other). b, Changes in the length of ocular dominance stripes as a function of changes in X-surround/Y-surround and surround/center ratios.