Pupillometric validation of the link between brain activity and deliberation effort. Plots represent the time course of regression estimates, obtained with a GLM built to explain pupil size. The GLM included factors of no interest (jitter duration, stimulus luminance, text length), variables of interest (Val, Conf, DT), and activities in main ROI (vmPFC, mPFC, dmPFC, corresponding to red, blue, and green traces, respectively). Each row corresponds to a different task (likeability rating, choice tasks). Left and right columns represent time courses aligned onto stimulus onset and button press, respectively. Lines indicate means across participants. Shaded areas represent interparticipant SEs. Horizontal bars represent significant time clusters after correction for multiple comparisons using random-field theory.