1NMPP1 increases SW-R occurrence during NREM states and wake states with the largest increase during wake states. A, Schematic of electrode, electromyography (EMG), and osmotic pump. Bi, Example recordings of corresponding LFP, sleep stages, and EMG. Heatmap of power frequency (0–20 Hertz (Hz), top), classified sleep stages (non rapid eye movement (NREM) states, green; rapid eye movement (REM) states, blue; wake states, cyan, middle) and EMG (bottom). Bii, Example traces of local field potential (LFP) (top) and EMG (bottom) for NREM states (green, top), REM states (blue, middle), and wake states (cyan, bottom). C, Increased sharp wave ripple (SW-R) rate of 1NMPP1 (blue) compared with vehicle (gray) for NREM states (green, left) and wake states (cyan, right). D, Increased Δ baseline SW-R rate of NREM states (green) compared with wake states (cyan) of 1NMPP1 compared to vehicle. E, Decreased NREM-wake SW-R rate ratio of 1NMPP1 (blue) compared with vehicle (gray; vehicle: 18 recordings, 4 animals, 4–6 recordings per animal; 1NMPP1: 22 recordings, 4 animals, 4–6 recordings per animal). Error bars indicate SEM. n.s., not significant. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.