1NMPP1 decreases outbound but not inbound performance in the W-maze spatial working memory tests. A, Schematic diagram of W-maze spatial memory task apparatus. B, Schematic diagrams of inbound and outbound behavior. C, Schematic diagram of 1NMPP1 treatment and behavioral tests. D, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on Inbound Performance compared with baseline (black). E, Decreased outbound performance by 1NMPP1 (red) compared with baseline (black). F, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on inbound entries compared with baseline (black). G, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on outbound entries compared with baseline (black). H, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on overall distance compared with baseline (black). I, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on overall speed compared with baseline (black). J, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on inbound distance compared with baseline (black). K, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on inbound time compared with baseline (black). L, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on inbound speed compared with baseline (black). M, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on outbound distance compared with baseline (black). N, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on outbound time compared with baseline (black). O, No effect of 1NMPP1 (red) on outbound speed compared with baseline [black; n = 7 tests baseline, 7 tests 1NMPP1 (7 mice)]. Error bars indicate SEM. n.s., not significant. **p < 0.01.