Impaired excitatory synapse maturation in prh brains and mitigation by bindarit treatment. Quantification of the numbers synapses defined by colocalization of the presynaptic protein VGLUT2, and the postsynaptic protein HOMER1 shows a reduction of the number of VGLUT2 (A, B, left; A: Layer II/III, ††p = 0.0089 vs veh-WT, ‡p = 0.0215 vs bin-WT; B: Layer IV, †p = 0.0103 vs veh-WT, ‡p = 0.0297 vs bin-WT) and HOMER1 (A, B, middle; A: †††p = 0.0003 vs veh-WT, ‡‡p = 0.0019 vs bin-WT; B: ††p = 0.0016 vs veh-WT, ‡‡‡p = 0.0002 vs bin-WT) in veh-prh, in both cortical Layer II/III and Layer IV. The numbers of synapses, identified as co-localization of VGLUT2 and HOMER1, shows a significant reduction in veh-prh in Layer II/III (A: right, †††p = 0.0007 vs veh-WT, ‡‡p = 0.0052 vs bin-WT) and Layer IV (B: right, ††††p < 0.0001 vs veh-WT, ‡‡‡‡p < 0.0001 vs bin-WT), which is significantly recovered in bin-prh (A: Layers II–III, *p = 0.0317, B: Layer IV, ****p < 0.0001 vs veh-prh; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test, n = 7 in each group).