Lack of upper visual field advantage in orientation identification performance during fixation, in the absence of saccades. A, Discrimination performance at fixation for high spatial frequency gabors (6 cpd) presented in the upper and lower visual fields (along the vertical meridian) at 3° or 7° eccentricity. We observed a significant benefit for gabors presented in the lower visual field at both 3° and 7° (asterisks indicate p < 0.01; error bars denote SEM). B, Discrimination performance at fixation for low spatial frequency gabors (0.9 cpd) presented in the upper and lower visual fields (along the vertical meridian) at 3° or 7° eccentricity. There was neither an upper nor lower visual field advantage, but our peri-saccadic results (with 0.9 cpd) showed a clear upper visual field advantage. The results in this figure mimic closely those reported in prior publications during fixation (Carrasco et al., 2001; Kristjánsson and Sigurdardottir, 2008), and they confirm that our observed peri-saccadic asymmetries in performance (Figs. 1, 4, 5) are indeed qualitatively different from those expected during fixation.