Retro-cues increased posterior alpha lateralization and frontoparietal theta connectivity. A, The task comprised three epochs. In the encoding epoch, participants encoded two arrays of colored squares presented in each visual hemifield. After a short delay period, a retro- or neutral-cue was presented. The retro-cue was 100% predictive of the location of the probe, whereas the neutral-cue provided no additional information. After a second delay period, a probe was presented and the participant responded whether the probe matched the encoding array. B, Spectral activity in left frontal electrodes across the task for all conditions revealed increased theta amplitude followed by decreased alpha amplitude for each epoch. The dashed rectangles indicate time–frequency regions for alpha amplitude and theta-connectivity analysis. The cue epoch was analyzed and is outlined for emphasis. C, Alpha amplitude increased contralateral to the visual field from which irrelevant information was encoded: retro-cues to the left versus right visual field. D, Theta-frequency functional connectivity, measured with weighted phase lag index (wPLI), increased between frontal and parietal electrodes for retro-cues relative to uninformative neutral-cues. The rounded rectangle depicts the seed from which scalp functional connectivity was calculated. N = 58. The gray outline is significant clusters at p < 0.05 with cluster correction. The dots are p < 0.05 with cluster correction.