Quantification of the PI to SUB excitatory neurons. The PI is the ratio of the input neuron number in a subregion to the total input neuron number in a brain. The input regions include the hippocampal CA1, CA2, and CA3 sublayers, as well as the SUB, postSUB, thalamus, RSC, Vis cortex, Aud cortex, SS cortex, TeA, Prh, Ect, LEC, and MEC. The regions showing statistical differences are shown in red text. A, 5xFAD young mice show significantly higher PI values than WT young mice in the Vis cortex (p = 1.93 × 10−2). B, WT middle-age mice show significantly higher PI values than 5xFAD middle-age mice in the CA1_py and Aud cortex (p = 1.2 × 10−3 and p = 2.66 × 10−2, respectively). WT middle-age mice show significantly lower PI values than 5xFAD middle-age mice in the CA1_lmol, CA3_or, and SUB (p = 2.75 × 10−2, p = 6.01 × 10−3, and p = 7 × 10−5, respectively). C, WT young mice show significantly lower PI values than WT middle-age mice in the CA1_rad (p = 1.79 × 10−2). D, 5xFAD young mice show significantly higher PI values than 5xFAD middle-age mice in the CA1_py, Vis cortex, and Aud cortex (p = 1.2 × 10−3, p = 1.37 × 10−2, and p = 1.32 × 10−2, respectively). 5xFAD young mice show significantly lower PI values than 5xFAD middle-age mice in the CA1_rad, CA1_lmol, CA3_or, and SUB (p = 1.79 × 10−2, p = 1.76 × 10−2, p = 1.79 × 10−2, and p = 5.0 × 10−5, respectively). E, PI comparisons of example regions across four groups of mice. Representative regions include the CA1_py, SUB, Vis cortex, and Aud cortex. The mouse numbers for each group are WT young, n = 8; WT middle-age, n = 10; 5xFAD young, n = 10; and 5xFAD middle-age, n = 12. The statistical test is the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The p values are adjusted with the FDR Benjamini–Hochberg approach (desired FDR = 0.05). All data are represented with mean ± SEM. Statistical significances are denoted by *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, and ****p ≤ 0.0001. See also Tables 3 and 4.
